Myocardial Infarction: Symptoms, Rapid Action, and Recovery

A myocardial infarction (heart attack) occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart muscle is blocked, most commonly by a blood clot. It is a medical emergency, and every minute counts.

Main symptoms

• Chest pain or pressure that may radiate to the arm, shoulder, jaw, or back
• Shortness of breath
• Profuse sweating, nausea, dizziness
• A strong sense of fear or anxiety

What to do immediately

• Call 112 immediately if a heart attack is suspected
• Do not drive yourself — wait for emergency medical services
• Taking aspirin may be recommended only by a physician

Diagnosis and treatment

• Electrocardiogram (ECG) to detect heart abnormalities
• Blood tests (troponin) to confirm myocardial infarction
• Procedures to restore blood flow: angioplasty, stent placement, or coronary bypass surgery
• Medical treatment: anticoagulants, beta-blockers, statins, and supportive therapy

Recovery and prevention

After discharge, patients follow cardiac rehabilitation programs and long-term treatment plans. Lifestyle changes are essential: a healthy diet, regular exercise, smoking cessation, and control of blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood glucose levels.